It's true that other kinds of glues can also be used for forming strong joints; however, it is not easy to use those adhesives for creating the right kind of bond. To ensure that those glues work as perfect , having quality substrates and great workshop conditions are must.
There's no such rule to follow for getting great results from epoxy glue; this is probably the main reason behind the growing popularity of epoxy among carpenters.
When it comes to traditional wood adhesives, one factor that plays us a big role in the cementing process is mc or moisture content; traditional gums will never be able to show results in absence of water. Here are some examples: phenol-formaldehyde used for this purpose should have 8-12% water;
The moisture content of urea-formaldehyde, on the other hand, should be 6-14%. The bonding process used by epoxy is much different; this glue does not require water to create a bond with wood. This feature makes it the perfect bonding agent for almost every wood type.
However, with proper research in this area, heat will be a boon for industrial processes.